Maintaining an excavator’s final drive is a critical yet often overlooked aspect of equipment care. Repairing or replacing a final drive can be both costly and time-consuming, not only due to the price of parts but also because of the downtime it causes. Regular inspection and maintenance of this crucial suspension component are vital to ensure the excavator operates efficiently and avoids unnecessary breakdowns.
Why Regular Final Drive Maintenance Matters
Final drives in tracked excavators endure significant stress and heavy loads, making them prone to wear and tear. Neglecting maintenance can lead to irreversible damage and even compromise the entire hydraulic system. Worn-out components can contaminate the hydraulic oil, spreading debris to other parts of the machine and causing widespread failures.
Taking a few minutes to perform routine maintenance can save you significant time and money in the long run. If a replacement becomes necessary, we offer a wide range of final drives for popular brands like JCB, Bobcat, Case, and Airman.
Key Maintenance Tasks for Final Drives
To ensure the longevity and optimal performance of your excavator’s final drive, follow these essential maintenance steps:
1. Checking the Gear Oil Level
Regularly monitoring the gear oil level is crucial. Experts recommend checking it after installing a new final drive, after the first 100–150 hours of operation, and subsequently every 500–800 hours. Always refer to the operator’s manual for specific guidelines. Here’s how to check the oil level:
Locate the cover plate on the final drive motor. Depending on the model, you’ll find two or three plugs.
For a two-plug system, position the plugs at 12 o’clock (top) and 3 o’clock (bottom).
For a three-plug system, align the filler hole (usually marked “fill line”) at the top.
Clean the area around the plugs to prevent debris from entering the oil.
Remove the plugs carefully, using a hammer if necessary.
The oil level should align with the center hole at the 3 o’clock position. If it’s low, add oil until it reaches this level.
Replace the plugs securely. Remember, the oil should never exceed half the final drive’s capacity.
2. Changing the Gear Oil
Replacing the gear oil according to the manufacturer’s recommendations is essential. Perform this task while the oil is warm for easier drainage. Follow these steps:
Position the final drive so the drain plug is at the bottom (6 o’clock) and the vent plug at the top (12 o’clock).
Clean the surface and remove the plugs, starting with the drain plug. Use a hammer if needed.
Drain the oil completely and inspect it for metal shavings, which indicate internal damage.
Refill with the same type of oil, ensuring not to mix different oils.
Secure the plugs after filling to the appropriate level.
3. Inspecting the Case Drain Filter
The case drain filter, located on the return line to the hydraulic tank, captures impurities from the hydraulic fluid. A clogged filter can cause pressure buildup, potentially damaging system components.
Locate the filter (consult the service center if unsure, as excavators may have multiple filters).
Remove the filter carefully, connecting drain lines to prevent contamination.
Inspect the filter element, typically made of sintered bronze. Replace it if it shows signs of wear or damage.
4. Detecting and Addressing Leaks
Daily leak checks are essential before starting work. Final drives can experience two types of leaks:
Gear Oil Leaks: Look for oil traces behind the gear or on the tracks. These often stem from a faulty mechanical face seal and require immediate attention.
Hydraulic Fluid Leaks: These may result from a damaged hose or issues with the hydraulic motor, such as chemical degradation or a clogged filter.
How Often Should Final Drive Maintenance Be Performed?
The frequency of maintenance depends on the excavator model and its usage intensity. Always consult the manufacturer’s Operation and Maintenance Manual for specific guidelines. Regular monitoring and timely oil top-ups are essential, especially for heavily used machines.
Final Drive Maintenance – Key Takeaways
Excavators are indispensable in construction, often operating in challenging conditions. The final drive, which powers the machine’s movement, requires consistent care to prevent costly repairs and extend its lifespan.
Proactive maintenance not only minimizes the risk of major breakdowns but also ensures the excavator remains operational and efficient. In cases of severe damage, replacing the entire final drive is often more cost-effective than repairing individual components.
By prioritizing regular maintenance, you can safeguard your equipment, reduce downtime, and maximize productivity on the job site.